Soluble P-selectin as a Biomarker for Infection and Survival in Patients With a Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome on the Intensive Care Unit

AIMS This study investigated the ability of soluble platelet selectin (sP-selectin) to identify infection and predict 30-day mortality in patients with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) on the intensive care unit. METHODS Soluble platelet selectin levels were measured daily in the first 48 hours in patients presenting with SIRS. The outcome, proven infection, was established using predefined definitions. The 30-day mortality was retrospectively assessed. RESULTS In a total of 313 patients with SIRS, sP-selectin levels were measured. Of these, 114 patients had proven infection on admission or developing during their intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Patients with proven infection had moderately higher levels of sP-selectin (147 ng/mL; interquartile range [IQR], 93.4-203 ng/mL) compared with noninfected patients (143.8 ng/mL; IQR, 89.6-194.7 ng/mL). This difference was not statistically significant (P = .072). However, in patients who were not admitted for infection (n = 235), sP-selectin levels were significantly related to the subsequent development of infection (P = .013). Soluble platelet selectin levels were particularly high in patients with abdominal sepsis and skin infections. Higher sP-selectin levels were associated with higher mortality (although not statistically significant, P = .08). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that in patients with SIRS not admitted for infection, sP-selectin levels are significantly related to the subsequent development of infection. Furthermore, patients with higher sP-selectin levels in the first 2 days of admission had higher 30-day mortality, although this association is not statistically significant. Therefore, we conclude that sP-selectin is a potential future biomarker for both mortality and infection in patients with SIRS, but more research is needed to confirm its prognostic role.